LITTLE FLOWER CONVENT SCHOOL,DINANAGAR, PUNJAB.

Chemistry, Lesson-1 (Matter)(EXERCISES)

Choose the correct options-

1)-(a)

2)-(b)

3)-(c)

4)-(a)

5)-(a)

Fill in the blanks-

1) volume

2) mass

3) three

4) freezing

5) An, element

6) A, compound

7) the same

8) a compound

True/False-

1) False (Matter is made up of very small particles,called molecules, which are held together by intermolecular force).

2) False (The greater the intermolecular space, the lesser the cohesion).

3) True

4) True

5) True

Geography Ch-7 EUROPE

Ex-1

FILL IN THE BLANKS:-

A] Caucasus

B] Volga

C] Balkan

D] Rhone

E] Intermontane

F] Massif-central

Ex-2

Match the following:-

A] Lithuania , Latvia and Estonia

B] Belgium , Netherland and Luxembourg

C] Nordic countries included in Scandinavia

D] Moraine

E] Smallest city of Europe

F] Surrounded by mountain or mountain ranges

Ex-3

T/f

A] True

B] False

C] False

D] True

E] True

F] False

Ex-4

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING:-

A} Because it is composed of many peninsulas, the four main component peninsulas being the Iberian , Scandinavian , Italian and Balkan peninsulas.

B} Five water bodies of Europe are Volga , Rhine , Danube , Lake onega and Lake ladoga.

C} As they are located the low laying plains in western Europe.

D} the northern lowlands are drained by north flowing rivers such as the Seine, the Rhine , the Elbe , the Oder & the Vistula.

E} The four physical units of Europe are North-Western Highland, the Northern Low Land , The Central UpLands & the Alpine System of Mountains.

Ex-5

ANSWER IN DETAIL:-

A] Europe is surrounded by water three sides. In the north is the Arctic ocean , in the south Mediterranean and The Black Seas , and in the West the Atlantic Ocean. The mainland of Europe stretches from 36° N to 63°N latitude , and from 25° W to 65° E longitude.

B} Rivers are the lifeblood of Europe. Europe’s rivers are used mainly for water supply, energy production, erigation and transportation. They also use for recreational activity such as sailing, bathing & fishing. In Iceland , the water from geysers and hot springs is used to heat homes. Many of the European rivers are interconnected by cannels and are used for navigation.

C} The North European plains are of triangular. The central lowland extend from the Ural Mountain to the Atlantic coast. the northern lowlands are drained by north flowing rivers such as the Seine, the Rhine , the Elbe , the Oder & the Vistula.

The Alpine Mountain system lies in the south of Europe. This system of mountains consists of a series of rugged young fold mountains. The highest points are Mt. Elbrus and Mont Blanc.

D} THE CENTRAL UPLANDS :

This region is made up of mountains , hills and plateaus. They include the Meseta in Spain, The central massif & Jura Mountains in France. The major rivers flow in this area--- the Rhine and the Rhone. The Rhine valley lies between the Vosges and the Black Forest. The Danube is the second largest river in Europe.

E} The negative impact on the tourism industry on Switzerland are follows :

1] The natural resource depletion due to tremendous pressure for the availability of natural resources

2] Winter sports results in land degradation.

3] Transportation and accommodation needs to be accessible on the spot.

4] Sewage lines and electricity lines need to be build

5] Animals are chased away from their homes which affect their natural habitat and cycle of life

6] Not only is the wildlife affected , but trees & plants are also damaged .

Ex-6

Learning is FUN:

ACROSS

2- Vistula

6- Rhine

9- lake Ladoga

11- Danube

12- Russia

DOWN

1- Volga

3- Intermontane

4- Latvia

5- Norway

7- Vatican

8- Elbrus

10- Europe

Dictation Words (Class 7)

Class-7^th M.sc L-1

Q/A. A1) when rajat wanted kalakhand from the halwai shop his uncle said,''My son sweets we used to eat in the US. What tasty stuff,it used to be''.

A2) When rajat stopped at the barbecue shop his uncle said ,'’ kababas we used to relish in US.what kababas are those”.

A3) Rajat asked his uncle ,'’ where will we get the best fish finger in the US”.

A4)His uncle understood that he has been cornered by the boy and said,''why the US ,there is a fish pakora shop right here in Delhi at the Delhi gate”.

A5) At the end of the story , Rajat run out to play leaving his uncle standered there.

L-2

A1) The leaders of different tribes in Arabia decided to rebuild the Al-Kabah.

A2) The tribes started fighting among themselves to install the scared Black stone .

A3) Prophet Mohammad settled their quarrel.

A4) Prophet Mohammad spread shawl on the ground and placed the holy stone in the centre.He asked the chiefs of all the tribes to hold the edges of the mantle.

A5) Managed a difficult situation wisely that one cannot do things alone all the time and team works build trust and friendship.

L-3

Fill ups

1) Retired

2) Money

3) Shabby

4) Life

A1) He wanted to get retire and told his employer that he wanted to retire to live a relaxed life with his family

A2) He requested the carpenter to build another house before he left as a personal favour.

A3) As the work began he found that his heart was not in the work and he showed no interest at all.He used low quality material and employed in cheap and shabby craftsmanship.

A4) The carpenter was shocked ! He felt very sad .If only he had known that the house was going to belong to him ,he would have built it differently and put in his best work using good material.

A5) life is a do- it-yourself project our attitude and the choice was make today build the house we will live in tomorrow.

CLASS: 7^TH

SUBJECT: PHYSICS

Lesson – 2 (Motion)

A. Tick the best choise:

Ans:

1. (c) Both (a) and (b)

2. (c) Any of (a) and (b)

3. (d) All of these

4. (d) Any of (b) or (c)

5. (a) Uniform

B. Fill in the blank

Ans:

6. Curvilinear Motion

7. Periodic motion

8. Perodic motion

9. Rectilinear motion

10. Time taken

C. Pick the true and false:

Ans:

11. True

12. False

13. True

14. True

15. False

D. Match the following:

Ans: 1

(a) Plucked string of Guitar	(ii) Vibratory motion
(b) Beating of heart	(iii) Periodic motion
(c) Car moving on a straight road	(i) Linear
(d) Car moving on a curved road	(iv) Curvilinear motion

Define:

17 Ans: Rotatory motion: If the object moves along its

own axis the motion is called rotatory motion.

18 Ans: Oscillatory motion: If the object moves to and

fro from its position of rest the object is said to be in oscillatory motion.

19. Ans: Speed: Speed is the distance covered by an

object per unit time.

20. Ans: Weight: It is the measure of the pull of earth

with which it attracts the object towards its

centre.

Solve the following problems

21. Solution:

Distance = 2 km = 2x1000 =2000m

Time = 40 min = 40x60 = 2400s

Speed = Distance/ time = 2000/2400

= 0.83m/s

_____________________________________________

22. Solution:

Total distance = 2+2= 4km = 4x1000

= 4000m

Total time = 40+50 = 90min

= 90x60=5400s

Average speed = Total distance/ total time

= 4000/5400

= 0.74m/s

_____________________________________________

23. Solution:

Weight(W) = 100N

Mass(m) = ?

g = 10N/kg

W = mg = mx10

100 = mx10

100/10 = m

m = 10kg

_____________________________________________

24. Solution:

m = 5kg

g = 10N/kg

w= mg= 5x10 = 50N

Answer in detail

25Q. Define motion. Identify object in motion?

Ans. If an object changes its position with to its surrounding time it is said to be motion. When the bus runs, the trees appear to be in motion. You are at rust. When a person sitting with you in bus see you, you are in motion with the bus to a person standing on the road side. In other words rest and are motion relative terms.

_____________________________________________

26Q. Describe three types of motion with example from daily life?

Ans. Different types of motion:

(1) Translatory motion

If all the points of an object change their place through the same distance in same time, then the object is said to be in translatory motion.

Translatory motion is further two types:

(a) Rectilinear Motion: If an object moves

along the straight line then the motion of

the object is said to be rectilinear motion.

eg. Apple falling from a tree.

(b) Curvilinear Motion: If an object moves

along the curved line the motion is said to

be curvilinear motion.

eg. Vehicle taking a turn.

2. Circular Motion: If an object moves on a circle or

circular path then the object is said to be in circular

motion.

It is of two types:

(a) Revolution: If an object moves around

another object along a circular path then

the motion of the object is called revolution.

eg: Motion of the earth around the sun.

(b) Rotatory motion: If motion of the object is

along its own axis then the motion of the

object is said to be rotatory motion.

eg: Motion of earth around its axis

3. Oscillatory motion: If an object moves to or fro from

its position of rest, then the object is said to be in

oscillatory motion.

eg: Motion of the pendulum of a wall clock.

27Q: What do you understand by repetitive motion?

Give examples.

Ans: The motion which repeats itself is called repetitive

motion. Repetition after regular interval of time is

called periodicity.

It is of following two types:

PERIODIC MOTION

NON-PERIODIC MOTION

If an object repeats its motion in regular interval of time, then it is known to be in periodic motion.

eg:

1. Pulse rate of an average human being is periodic.

2. Revolution of the earth around. The sun is periodic.

If an object does not repeat its motion called

non-periodic motion.

eg:

1. Applying breaks of a cycle.

2. Rise and fall of sea tides.

_____________________________________________

28Q. Define average speed. Give a relation for the same?

Ans. Average speed of an object is given by total

distance travelled by the object divided by total

time taken to cover the total distance.

Average speed=Total distance covered

Total time taken

29Q: Define uniform and non-uniform motion from

examples of daily life.

Ans: Uniform motion: If an object covers equal

distance in equal interval of time then its motion

is called uniform motion.

eg: Hands of a clock or watch have uniform motion.

Non-Uniform motion: If an object covers unequal

distance in equal interval of time then the motion

is called non-uniform motion.

eg: Motion of butterfly in the sky.

30Q: Define weight. Relate it to mass of an object.

Ans: Weight is the measure of the pull of the earth with which it attracts an object towards its centre. Weight of the object is given by:

W = mg

Where m is the mass of the object measured in kg and g is the acceleration due to gravity measured in newton per kg i.e Nkg^-1.

31Q: Compare weight and mass.

Ans:

Mass	Weight
1. It is the basic quantity and remains same at all the places.	1. It is not a basic quantity as it is different at different places.
2. Mass is the quantity of the matter inside an object.	2. Weight is the force acting on an object due to gravitational pull of the earth.
3. It is measured in kilogram (kg)	3. It is measured in newton(N)
4. Mass of an object is never zero	4. Weight of an object can be zero
5. It is measured by a simple beam balance	5. It is measured by a spring balance.

Class 7 English literature. Workbook

Ch - Govinda 's Disciple

Ex-A. Underline the words that shows personification in the sentences.

1) The stars winked

2) The engine of the old car caughedand croaked.

3) The moonlight guided

4) The rain drummed a beat

5) last scoop of ice cream was screaming.

6) The camera loves.

Ex-B True or False.

1)True

2) False

3) False

4) True

5) True

Grammar study

Ex-C underline the noun phrases in these sentences.

1) Far blue flowed the Ganga,

2) Our friends

3) The tall, graceful lady

4) The boy in the yellow shirt

5) My neighbour's cat

Ex-D Replace the adjectives with adjective phrases and rewrite these sentences.

1) It is a pity to see, flowers of such a beauty.

2) Mahatma Gandhi lead a life of simplicity.

3) Preethi wore a shirt made of silk.

4) Mohsin is a boy with brown eyes.

5) Apart from being a writer Tagore was also an artist of accomplished.

Ex-E add suitable adverb phrase to complete the sentences

1) The playful children were shouting in a joyful manner.

2) Red Riding Hoods grandmother lived in the other side of the forest.

3) The package arrived at 11 o'clock.

4) The desert stretched for miles and miles.

5) I hope our grandparents come before my exams.

Ch. - Bravo Manju

Ex-A Match the columns

1) Ophthalmology -. c) eyes

2) Orthopaedic. -. a) bones

3) dermatology. -. d). skin

4) psychology. -. e). mind

5) lumber. -. b).lower part nof

the back.

Ex -B circle the words that reflect the moods in the sentences .

1) confident

2) determined

3) disbelief

4) nostalgic

5) aware

Ex -C fill in the blanks with the correct words.

1) meddle , medal

2) flair

3) vein

4) lesson ,lessen

5) cue , queue

6) assent. , ascent

Grammar study

Ex - D write simple compound or complex for these sentences.

1) simple sentence

2) compound sentence

3) simple sentence

4) complex sentence

5) complex sentence

6) compound sentence

Ex - E rewrite the sentences according to the instruction given within the brackets

1) Compound - Kiran laughed but her sister didn't like a joke .

Complex - Kiran laughed till the tears roll down her cheeks.

2) Simple - The magician frightened the girl.

Complex- The girl ran off because the magician frightened her.

3) Simple - Maryam did not like the movie

Compound- The movie had Maryam's favourite actress but she didn't like it.

4) compound - Afzal loves car but he didn't know driving.

Complex -. Afzal loves car although he can't drive.

5) Simple - Charu did well in the exam.

Compound- Charu was ill but she did

Well in the exam.

Ex- F use the connectors so and since to extend the sentence...

Compound- Manjula was born with two

Fingers only on each hand

So she couldn't do the painting.

Complex -Since to Manjula was born

Which two fingers only on each

hand she did well in the painting.

Ch - A grain as big as a hen's egg

Word Study

Ex- A complete this binomial expression with the words from the box

1) wear and tear

2) thick and thin

3) ins and outs

4) time and again

5) pros and cons

6) short and sweet

Ex- B add the suffix less to the words in the box...

1) breathless

2) motionless

3) selfless

4) cloudless

5) harmless

Ex -C fill in the blanks with the correct words to complete the meaning of these terms.

1)character

2) plot

3) setting

4) theme

5) style

Grammar study

1) is

2) are

3) is

4) are

5) is

6) is

7) is

8) is

Ex - E circle the correct verbs within brackets

1) has

2) is

3) were

4) jump

5) were

6) likes

7) is

8) pair

Ch -3 A Dangerous Forest

Comprehension

1) Cromarty

2) Cromarty

3) Young guide

4). Passepartout

5) Phileas Fogg

What do you think

Q-1 "Luck has nothing to do with it, sir Francis. I am sure I could make the same trip in the same time one way or another ."what does this tell you about Fogg ? Can you find examples that tells us more about him ?

Ans - This tells us that Fogg was very calm ,determined and confident person .Although he faced many obstacles ,he was sure to finish his trip within the said time by one way or other. He was very courageous and helpful also ,as he was ready to help the poor woman Aoudaand saved her life .

Q-2 Whatdo you think the phrase "butterflies in his stomach "means ?Have you ever felt that way ?

Ans - It means to fell very nervous and restless.

Yes, once I felt butterflies in my stomach .when I saw a snake near my feet crawling on a ground I got nervous and started crying for help.

Q-3 How do you feel about animals what is a stronggest/biggest /funniest animal have you ever seen ? what did it look like and where did you see it ?

Ans- I feel animals are better creation of God .I am fond of animals and love them. I have seen many animals in the zoo and according to me giraffe is the tallest animal I have ever seen . It look like a big pillar and it gives strange look. we had a lot of fun watching this animal .It is a biggest strongest and funniest animal I have ever seen .

Language practice

1) one way or another -taking most aspects into account

2) let something get in your way- to make it difficult for it to happen

3) it's madness - stupid or dangerous behaviour

4) be deep in thought - to think a lot about something

5) have no time to spare-extra time, more than is needed

Guess the meaning

1) waving - twohold arm up in the air and move our hand from side to side.

2) it was hopeless - with no sign of something getting better.

3) plan- something we have arranged to do in future.

4) entrance door- way to a building

5) alarmed - a feeling of danger.

6) grabbed- Take hold something quickly and roughly

Class 7 Geography Ch. 2 Atmosphere

EX.1 Fill in the blan

a]Atmosphere

b]gravity

c]Pauses

d]stratosphere

e]Green house effect

f]Global warming

EX.2 Match the following

a]Global warming-climate change

b]Exosphere-Thinnest layer of atmosphere

c]Troposphere- lowest layer of atmosphere

d]Insolation-solar radiation reaching Earth surface

e]Coal-Fossil fuel

EX.3 TRUE/false

a]False

b]True

c]False

d]True

e]False

f]True

g]True

EX. 4 Answer the following

a] 21%

b] The exosphere is the upper-most layer of the atmosphere.this layer has very scattered gases and gravitational pull of earth is minimum in this layer.

C] Nitrogen and Oxygen

D] Carbondioxide gas creates greenhouse effect in the atmosphere. Greenhouse gases act like blanket around the earth,wrapping energy into atmosphere. This is the cause of the earth becoming warmer.

E] A natural process that warms the earth’s surphace. When the sun’s energy reaches the earth atmosphere sum of it is reflected back to space and the rest is absorbed anjd re-radiated by greenhouse gases.

F] Meteors burn up in mesosphere because of air resistance and friction.

Ex.5 Answer in detail:-

A] Earth’s atmosphere is composed of about 78% nitrogen,21% oxygen and 0.93% argon.The rest of the gases which are less than 0.1% contains small but important traces of gases,including water vapour,carbon dioxide and ozone.

B]The different layers of atmosphere are troposhphere,stratosphere,mesosphere,thermosphere and exosphere.

1:-Troposphere:This is the lowest layer of atmosphere.Water vapour and dust particles are present in this layer,all weather occurs withinn this layer.

2:-Strotosphere:-This is ther second layer of atmosphere.ozone is present in this layer and protect the earth from harmful ultraviolet rays.

3:-Mesosphere: Mesosphere is the layer after stratosphere.Thew mesosphere has coldest temprature in the atmosphere meteors are burn up in this layer.

4:-Thermosphere: This layer is directly above mesosphere. Temprature slowly increases in this layer.

5:-Exosphere: Exosphere is the upper most layer of the atmosphere. This layer has very scattered gases and the gravitational pull of earth is minimum in this layer.

C] Causes of Green House effect are as follow:-

1-Burning of fossil fuels

2- Deforestation

3- Increase in population

4- Farming

5- Industrial waste and landfills

D] Impact of global warming are:-

1- Graciers melting and sea level rising

2- Migration of animals

3- Extreme of weather condition / Temperature

4- Change in eco-systems

5- Heavier precipitation and flooding

6- Changing of seasons

7- Extinction of plant and animal species

E] Global warming can be reduced and controlled by following measures:-

1- Using re-cyclable products

2- Using energy efficient products

3- Planting more trees

4- Reducing pollution

5- Reduce deforestation activity

6- Government limitations on the amount of harmful gas emissions from industries

Ex-6 Learning is fun:-

Across

3-Atmosphere

8-Global warming

9-Exosphere

10-Oxygen

11-Coal

DOWN

1- Greenhouse effect

2- Landfill

4- Stratopause

5- Ozone

6- Biome

7- Insolation

Draw Diagrams of compostition of atmosphere/ Air (pg-11)

And

Structure of Atmosphere (pg-14)

Chemistry, Lesson-2

CHOOSE THE CORRECT OPTIONS-(answers)

1) d-the burning of kerosene

2) c-the digestion of food

3) d-burning

4) b-respiration

5) b-photosynthesis

FILL IN THE BLANKS-(answers)

1) does not changes

2) an irreversible change

3) exothermic reaction

4) solute, solvent

5) water vapour

6) moisture

TRUE/FALSE-

1) false (a physical change is reversible)

2) false (a chemical change is irreversible)

3) true

4) true

5) true

6) True

SHORT QUESTIONS-

1Q- What are reversible changes?

Ans- Reversible changes are those changes which can be reversed by reversing back the conditions. Eg- melting of ice.

2Q- What are irreversible changes?

Ans- Irreversible changes are those changes which cannot be reversed by reversing back the conditions. Eg- burning of coal.

3Q- Classify the following into desirable and undesirable changes.

Ans-(a) the spoiling of food- undesirable change

(b) the digestion of food- desirable change

(d) the decaying of dead animal in open air- undesirable change

4Q- Define physical changes.

Ans- The changes in which no new substances are formed and which can be reversed by reversing back the conditions are called as physical changes. Eg- melting of ice.

5Q- Define chemical changes.

Ans- The changes in which new substances are formed and which cannot be reversed by reversing back the conditions are called as chemical changes. Eg- burning of coal.

6Q- Classify the following into physical and chemical changes.

Ans- (a) the melting of ice- physical change

(b) rusting- chemical change

(d) fermentation- chemical change

(e) the evaporation of liquid- physical change

(f) the sublimation of iodine- physical change

(g) the dissolution of solid- physical change

(h) the burning of coal- chemical change

(i) the glowing of bulb- physical change

(j) the freezing of water- physical change

(k) the curdling of milk- chemical change

(l) photosynthesis in green plants- chemical change

(m) the condensation of water vapour- physical change

(n) the digestion of food- chemical change

(o) the boiling of an egg- chemical change

(p) the growth of a plant- chemical change

7Q- Define an endothermic change.

Ans- A change in which heat is absorbed is called an endothermic change. Eg- melting of ice.

8Q- Define an exothermic change.

Ans- A change in which heat is evolved is called an exothermic change. Eg- burning of coal.

9Q- Classify into exothermic and endothermic changes.

Ans- (a) the dissolution of glucose- endothermic change

(b) the boiling of water- endothermic change

LONG QUESTIONS-

1Q- Give two examples to show that the mass of the individual substances undergoing a chemical change is altered.

Ans- The mass of the individual substances undergoing a chemical change is altered. For eg-

1) When carbon is burnt in air, the amount of carbon is reduced and carbon dioxide is given out.

2) If an iron nail is allowed to rust, the mass of the rusted nail is more than that of the original nail.

2Q- State the difference between a physical and a chemical change.

Ans-

PHYSICAL CHANGE	CHEMICAL CHANGE
1) A physical change is temporary	1) A chemical change is permanent.
2) A physical change is reversible	2)A chemical change is irreversible.
3) No new substances are formed in a physical change.	3)New substances are formed in a chemical change.
4)The mass of substance do not change in a physical change.	4)The mass of individual substances undergoing a chemical change are altered.
5)Eg- melting of ice.	5)Eg- burning of coal.

3Q- Discuss an example to show that physical and chemical changes can occur simultaneously.

Ans- Physical and chemical changes can occur simultaneously. This can be proved by taking the example of burning of a candle. When a candle burns, following changes occur-

Physical change- the wax under the wick gets heated and melts. The molten wax flows down and solidifies. Thus the change in state is from solid to liquid and again from liquid to solid, which are physical changes.

Chemical change- a part of the molten wax vaporizes and burns to form new substances, carbon dioxide and water vapour. This change is irreversible. So burning of wax is a chemical change.

4Q- Give one example of each kind, show that a change in energy takes place when a physical or a chemical changes occurs.

Ans- Energy changes are observed when a physical or a chemical changes occurs.

1) Energy change in a physical change-

Eg- melting of solid and evaporation of liquid are carried out with the absorption of heat while condensation is carried out with the evolution of heat.

2) Energy change in a chemical change-

Eg- when a coal or wood is burnt, heat and light are emitted. So, burning is an exothermic process.

5Q- What is respiration? Explain.

Ans- When the oxygen of the air we breathe in combines with the glucose formed by the breakdown of food in our body, new substances such as carbondioxide and water are formed. This process is called as respiration. This change is not reversible and is therefore a chemical change.

Glucose + oxygen → carbondioxide + water + energy.

Civics 7th chapter 1

Tick the correct answer
1. B

2. c

3. C

4. B

5. A

II. Fill ups

1. Drafting

2. 29 Aug 1947

3. 2 years,11 months,18 days

4. Introduction

5. 1950

III. Matching

IV. T/F

1. T

2. F

3. T

4. T

5. F

V. Q/And

1. What do you mean by the term constitution? What does it contain?

Ans- A Constitution is body of laws and rules according which a country is governed. It contains Fundamental rights and Fundamental duties of citizen, our national goals like democracy, socialism, secularism, liberty, equality, fraternity.

2. Why it's necessary to have a constitution for a country?

Ans- We need rules and regulations to lead an organized social life. We have certain rules and codes to be able to perform purposeful activities. Similarly, the rules are essential for governing a country.

3. Name that body framed the constitution of India. Who was its chairman?

Ans- Our constitution was framed by the Constituent Assembly

Dr. Rajinder Parsad was the chairman of the constituent assembly.

4. Who represented the Anglo-Indians and the Parsees in the Constituent assembly?

Ans- Frank Anthony and Dr H. P. Modi represénted the Anglo-Indians and Parsees respectively.

5. What is Preamble? Why is it important?

Ans- Preamble is an introduction to the Constitution. The Preamble to our Constitution summarises its aims and objectives.

6. What are the main ideals contained in the Preamble to the Constitution of India?

Ans- justice, liberty, equality and fraternity are the ideals of our constitution.

7. Define the following (a) Sovereign State(b) Secular State (c) A Republic

Ans- (a) This means that India is free from external control and follows an independent policy.

(B) The word 'Secular' in the Preamble implies tha India does not have a state or official religion, which means equal treatment of all religions by the state.

(C) A Republic' is a state where the head of the state is an elected person and is elected for a definite period of time.

8. State the difference between a democracy and a republic.

Ans- According to the Preamble, India is both Democratic and Republic. Democracy means that people choose the government and republic means that the head of our state is an elected one.

9. Do you think Indian government is 'of the people, by the people and for the people?

Ans- Yes, because in India, after every five years, general elections are held and the people elect their representatives who form the government.

Class 7 GEOGRAPHY Chapter-1

EX-1.Fill ups
a.blue
b.verbal
c.topography
d.contour
e.small
f.large scale

Ex-2 Match the following
A=5
B=3
C=1
D=2
E=6
F=4

Ex-3 True/False
a.F
b.F
c.T
d.T
e.F
f.T

EX-4
(a)A detailed representation of natural and human-made features on the Earth's surface.

(b)The ratio of a distance on the map to the corresponding distance on the grounds in
words.

(c)Blue colour is used to show water bodies in a map.

(d)Red represents man-made festures,like roads or political boundaries,settlements.

(e)The scale of the map can be represented in threeways.

(1) statement scale or verbal scale.

(2) The representative fraction or numerical fraction (RF).

(3) The graphical scale or linear scale.

(f)The linear scale of a map is a bar which usually represents the true distance of an
unit length on the map

(g)Large- scale maps depict a small territory.A large-scale map only shows a small area
but in great detail

(h)The signs and symbols used in a map to show diffrent festures of map these common signs
and symbols are called conventional signs and symbols.

(i)A person who makes maps.

Ex-5

(a)Topography refer to the arrangement of natural and artificial physical features of an
area.
A topographic map shows how the ground is shaped provides a way to calculate the height
of the features on the map .

(b)A line on a map joining points of equal height above or below sea level.

(c)Cartographers Use colour On A Map to represent specific features.
1 Green colour indicates vegetation such as forests,wooded area,orchards and vineyards.
2 Brown colour is used to denote most contour line on a map,which are relief features
and elevatoions.
3 Red colour represents man made features, like main roads and politicial boundaries,
settlements.
4 Yellow indicates all the cultivated areas.

(d)The numerical scale of a map indicates the relationship of distance measured on a map
and the corresponding distance on the ground.

(e)
1}SMALL-SCALE MAPS represent a lagre area.In a small scale map,the size of objects
will be smaller and will have less details,for ex.map of a country.

LARGE-SCALE MAPS depict a small territory. a large scale map only show a small area
but in great detail for ex. map of a town or a city.

2}A topographical map contains detailed information about local landforms,water bodies,
roads,railway tracks and buildings.

A thematic map includes information of a specific theme or topic such as rainfaLL

3}Verbal map scale:A map scale that expresses the relationship between distance on
the map and distance on the gound in words.

Linear Scale:The linear scale of a map is a bar which usually represents the true
disctance of an unit length on the map.

(F)The four major directions north,east,west and south are called cardinal directions.
These are further divided into north-east,south-east,south-west and north-west
which are known as intermediate directions.

(G) Direction is a major component of a map. Most maps contain an arrow marked with the
' letter 'N' at the upper right hand corner.This arrow shows the north direction and
therefore is called the north line.Once the north direction is confirmed,the other
direction-east,westands south can be easily found.

EX-6 LEARNING IS FUN
ACROSS
6.Yellow
7.Green
8.Contour lines
9.Map
10.Verbal
DOWN
1.Cartographer
2.Cardinal
3.Keys
4.Topography
5.Legends

Class 7 Biology Chapter 1 - Tissue

ExA.Fill in the blanks.

1.tissue.

2.meristematic.

3.cambium.

4.xylem.

5.epithelial.

6.adipocytes.

7.muscles.

8.vascular or fluid.

9.cardiac.

10cyton.

ExB.True-False

1.false, permanent tissue arises from meristematic tissue.

2.false, parenchyma is a simple permanent tissue.

3.true.

4.false,phloem is a living tissue.

5.true.

6.true.

7.false, cartilage is a kind of skeletal tissue.

8.true.

9.true.

10.false, skeletal muscles are voluntary muscles.

ExC.Choose the correct option.

1.(b), 2.(d), 3.(b), 4.(c), 5.(a), 6.(d), 7.(c), 8.(c), 9.(a)

Ex D.Answer the following.

Ans1.Meristematic tissue has the ability to divide continuously to produce new cells and thus responsible for the growth of the plant.

Ans2.Epithelial tissue forms a thin covering on the outer surface of the body,as well as on the outer and inner surface of organs, ducts,tubes and vessels.

This tissue provides protection from injury and germs, and helps in absorption and secretion.

Ans3.Areolar tissue forms a continuous layer under the skin and packs the spaces between various organs to keep them in place.

Adipose tissue cushions various parts of the body to protect them from injury and insulates the body against the cold.

Ans4.Cartilage is made of cells called chondrocytes.The cells have wide spaces between them and are embedded in a jellylike matrix.This makes the tissue elastic and thus capable of absorbing the shock of friction between bones.

Ans5.Blood contains the following components:1)RBCs

2)WBCs and

3)platelets.

Blood transports oxygen, carbondioxide,digested food and waste, protects us from diseases,and regulates body temperature.

Ans6.Neurons transmit messages from all parts of the body to the brain and spinal cord and vice-versa.Also draw the fig1.11 in your classwork copy.

ExE.Explain in brief.

Ans1.If no cambium is present in a plant body,the plant will not grow in thickness as cambium is responsible for the lateral growth of the plant.

Ans2.Simple permanent tissue in plants is of three types:

1)Parenchyma:

Structure:The cells of this tissue may be oval, spherical or polygonal.The cell wall is thin and there are spaces between the cells (intercellular spaces). Function: Parenchymatous cells store food and water,besides helping in the manufacture of food.

2)Collenchyma:

Structure:The cells of this tissue are thick-walled and elongated,with oblique or tapering ends.There are no intercellular spaces,as pectin and other substances are deposited between the cells.

Function:The function of these cells is to provide support and flexibility to the plant body.

3)Sclerenchyma:

Structure:It is made of dead cells that are packed together closely.The cells are elongated with pointed ends.The cell wall is thick due to the presence of a chemically complex substance called lignin.There

are no intercellular spaces between the cells of Sclerenchyma.

Function:These cells provides strength to the body of the plant.

Fig 1.2 should be drawn in this answer.

Ans3.Complex permanent tissue is of two types:

1)Xylem:

Structure:It is made mostly of dead cells.These are either tracheids or vessels and some Sclerenchymatous cells.There are some Parenchymatous cells,too.vessels and tracheids are elongated cells with thick lignified walls.They are hollow and join each other end to end.They,thus, form something like a long pipe, through which water moves up.

Function:It conducts water and minerals from the roots to the leaves.

2)Phloem:It is a living tissue made mostly of sieve cells and companion cells.They are associated with some Parenchymatous and Sclerenchymatous cells.The sieve cells are elongated cells joined end to end, with perforated plates between them.The pores in the plates between the cells provide a continuous route for the passage of food.

Function:It is responsible for the transport of food to different parts of the plant.

Ans4.Tendon:

1)Tendons attach muscles to bones.

2)They help in the movement of bones.

3) They are inelastic and tough

as it contains very little elastin.

Ligament:

1) Ligaments join bones together.

2)They support and stabilise joints.

3)They are more elastic and flexible as it contains more elastin.

Ans5.Bone is the hardest connective tissue.It contains three types of cells-osteoblasts,osteocytes and osteoclasts.osteoblasts produce a protein mixture that hardens to form the bone matrix.Osteoblasts eventually get trapped within the matrix and become osteocytes.Osteoclasts are present are present near the outer layer of bones and help to break down damaged bone tissue,which is replaced by new matrix produced by osteoblasts.

Function of bone:

1)Bones give shape and support to our body.

2)Bones protect our delicate internal organs like heart,brain ,lungs.

3)Bones bring about movement with the help of muscles.

4)Bone marrow,present inside the bones,is responsible for the formation of blood cells.

Ans6.Some blood,minus RBCs and few other constituents, leaves the blood capillaries and passes into the spaces between tissues.This straw-coloured watery fluid is called lymph.

Ans6.The three types of muscular tissue are:

1) Voluntary muscles:These muscles are attached to the skeleton and are called skeletal muscles.They contract and relax according to our will.

2) Involuntary muscles:These muscles contract and relaxing on their own to carry out various life processes.e.g muscles of the stomach and blood vessels.

3) Cardiac muscles:These muscles are present in the heart and are also Involuntary in nature.

Class 7 Biology Chapter 6 - Allergy

s1. An unusual reaction to a particular substance is called an allergy and the substances that cause allergies are called allergens.

The various types of allergens are

1) Airborne allergens

2)food and medicine allergens

3) contact allergens

Ans2.The four airborne allergens are dust,pollen,spores of moulds and perfumes.The symptoms caused by them are-

1)red,itchy,watery or swollen eyes

2)runny or stuffy nose

3) sneezing

4)itchy throat

5) wheezing or coughing

Ans3.The food items that cause allergy are milk and milk products,soy and nuts .Medicines causing allergy are penicillin and aspirin.

These allergens cause symptoms such as tingling or itching sensation in the mouth and throat; stomach ache; vomiting or diarrhoea;rashes or hives;itchy,watery or swollen eyes.

Ans4.The four contact allergens are natural rubber,nickel,wool and household cleaners.The symptoms caused by them are intense itching or burning sensation,redness of the skin,rashes,blisters,hives or swelling of the affected part of the skin.

Ans5.The symptoms caused in sunlight allergy are itchy red rashes,hives or blisters on areas of the skin exposed to sunlight.

Ans6.Seasonal allergies:

They occur during a particular season.

E.g: pollen, spores.

Perennial allergies:

They are year-round allergies.

E.g:dust,mould.

Ans7.Ways to prevent allergies are:

1)It is advisable not to have a pet if you are allergic to pet dander.

2)Avoid food items and medicines to which you are allergic.

3)Avoid using Cosmetics,perfumes and other products to which you are allergic.

4)If you are allergic to sunlight,cover yourself well when you go out

5) If you are allergic to pollen,keep the windows of your house shut when the pollen season is at its peak.

ExF Explain in brief:

Ans1.Dust mites live all around us, especially in pillows, mattresses,carpets,cushions,soft toys,etc.They are quite harmless usually and feed. on the dead skin that falls off our bodies.Their saliva,faeces and particles from their exoskeleton can trigger allergic reactions.Cockroaches can also trigger allergies in a similar manner.

Ans2.In very severe reactions,a person may experience swelling of the tongue, throat and face; coughing, wheezing and difficulty in breathing or swallowing; dizziness or fainting due to a sudden drop in blood pressure.Such a severe reaction to an allergen is known as anaphylaxis.

Food and medicine allergens and contact allergens, in some cases, can lead to an anaphylactic reaction.

Ans3.Insects like bees,wasps,etc inject venom when they sting.This venom normally produces a painful swelling and redness at the site of the sting,followed by an itching or burning sensation.But people allergic to such venom may develop rashes,hives, blisters,generalised swelling of the body, difficulty in breathing or speaking, nausea, and other symptoms of anaphylaxis.

Ans4.The following tests can be done to determine sensitivity to allergens:

1)Skin prick test:In this test,a drop of liquid containing the allergen is placed on the skin and the skin is pricked with a small needle to allow the allergen to enter the skin.If a lump surrounded by a reddish area appears at the site,the test is positive.

2)Patch test:In this test allergen containing patches are applied to the skin, usually on the back.The patches are removed after two days and the skin is examined for reactions to the allergens.

3)Blood tests: These tests are based on identifying and measuring certain proteins.These proteins called antibodies,are usually produced to fight harmful bacteria and viruses. But in an allergic individual,the body produces antibodies in response to fight against normally harmless substances.

Class 7 COMPUTER (SPREADSHEET- AN INTRODUCTION)

1. Tick the correct.

a. Excel

b. Cell

c. 1048576

d. Active cell

e. Range

f. Name Box

g. Ctrl + S

2. True and False.

a. True

b. False (cannot-can)

c. False (only 5- any no.)

d. True

e. True

f. False (Block minus sigh- block plus sigh)

g. True

3. Fill in the blanks.

a. Spreadsheet

b. Rows and columns

c. Arrow keys

d. Undo

e. Left

f. Labels, values and formula

g. .xlsx

4. Define the following.

a. Formula Bar- It is used to enter and edit formulas, and perform calculations on our worksheet data.

b. Cell- A cell is the intersection of each column and row in a worksheet. A cell is the basic unit of a worksheet in which we enter data.

c. Cell Reference- A cell is referred to by its unique address or cell reference, which is the coordinate of the intersecting column and row.

d. Worksheet window- The workbook contains sheets called worksheets. By default, workbook contains three worksheets. We can add additional worksheets.

e. Name Box- The cell reference of an active cell is displayed in the name box.

f. Gridlines- The horizontal and vertical lines representing the rows and columns on the worksheet are called gridlines.

5. Answer in 1-2 sentences.

a. What do you mean by Spreadsheet software?

Ans: Spreadsheet software allows user to organize data in rows and columns, and performs calculations on the data. These rows and columns are collectively called a worksheet.

b. How many rows and columns are there in a worksheet?

Ans: A Spreadsheet file is called workbook, having many individual worksheets. On each worksheet, data is organized vertically in columns and horizontally in rows. Each worksheet of Excel 2010 typically has 16384 columns and 1048576 rows.

c. What is the default row height and column width in Excel?

Ans: The default row height is 15.00 (measured in points). The default column width of a cell is 8.43 (measured in characters).

d. What is the use of generating a series?

Ans: Excel uses AutoFill feature to recognize any series from a single cell, such as the days of the week or month. It will save our time to complete the text or number series for us.

6. Answer Briefly.

a. What do you mean by Microsoft Excel? Write down its uses.

Ans: Microsoft Excel is a powerful spreadsheet program that allows us to organize data, complete calculations, graph data and develop reports Some uses of MS-Excel are:

1. Used for Manipulating Numbers: Microsoft Excel is best known for manipulating numeric data.

2. Organize Data: We can also use Microsoft Excel for organizing data.

3. Store Data as Worksheets: In Excel, we can store data which we enter in it as a file called workbook.

4. Share Data: MS-Excel allows us to share our data with other users.

b. Differentiate between moving and copying.

Ans:

Moving

Copying

Data allows us o re-organize data in our worksheet. When we move data, the data disappears from its original location

Data allows us to repeat data in our worksheet without having to retype the data. When we copy data, the data appears in both the original and the new locations.

c. Differentiate between workbook and worksheet.

Ans:

Workbook

worksheet

A Spreadsheet file is called workbook, having many individual worksheets. On each worksheet, data is organized vertically in columns and horizontally in rows

The workbook contains sheets called worksheets. By default, workbook contains three worksheets. We can also add additional worksheets.

d. What do you understand by selecting cells?

Ans: We have to select cells in Excel to perform editing, calculating, and formatting tasks. The easiest way to select a cell is to use the mouse to move the block plus sign to the cell, and then click on it. An alternative method of selecting a cell in a worksheet is using the Arrow keys on the keyboard.

Class 7 GEOGRAPHY Chapter-1
EX-1.Fill ups
a.blue
b.verbal
c.topography
d.contour
e.small
f.large scale

Ex-2 Match the following
A=5
B=3
C=1
D=2
E=6
F=4

Ex-3 True/False
a.F
b.F
c.T
d.T
e.F
f.T

EX-4
(a)A detailed representation of natural and human-made features on the Earth's surface.

(b)The ratio of a distance on the map to the corresponding distance on the grounds in
words.

(c)Blue colour is used to show water bodies in a map.

(d)Red represents man-made festures,like roads or political boundaries,settlements.

(e)The scale of the map can be represented in threeways.

(1) statement scale or verbal scale.

(2) The representative fraction or numerical fraction (RF).

(3) The graphical scale or linear scale.

(f)The linear scale of a map is a bar which usually represents the true distance of an
unit length on the map

(g)Large- scale maps depict a small territory.A large-scale map only shows a small area
but in great detail

(h)The signs and symbols used in a map to show diffrent festures of map these common signs
and symbols are called conventional signs and symbols.

(i)A person who makes maps.

Ex-5

(a)Topography refer to the arrangement of natural and artificial physical features of an
area.
A topographic map shows how the ground is shaped provides a way to calculate the height
of the features on the map .

(b)A line on a map joining points of equal height above or below sea level.

(c)Cartographers Use colour On A Map to represent specific features.
1 Green colour indicates vegetation such as forests,wooded area,orchards and vineyards.
2 Brown colour is used to denote most contour line on a map,which are relief features
and elevatoions.
3 Red colour represents man made features, like main roads and politicial boundaries,
settlements.
4 Yellow indicates all the cultivated areas.

(d)The numerical scale of a map indicates the relationship of distance measured on a map
and the corresponding distance on the ground.

(e)
1}SMALL-SCALE MAPS represent a lagre area.In a small scale map,the size of objects
will be smaller and will have less details,for ex.map of a country.

LARGE-SCALE MAPS depict a small territory. a large scale map only show a small area
but in great detail for ex. map of a town or a city.

2}A topographical map contains detailed information about local landforms,water bodies,
roads,railway tracks and buildings.

A thematic map includes information of a specific theme or topic such as rainfaLL

3}Verbal map scale:A map scale that expresses the relationship between distance on
the map and distance on the gound in words.

Linear Scale:The linear scale of a map is a bar which usually represents the true
disctance of an unit length on the map.

(F)The four major directions north,east,west and south are called cardinal directions.
These are further divided into north-east,south-east,south-west and north-west
which are known as intermediate directions.

(G) Direction is a major component of a map. Most maps contain an arrow marked with the
' letter 'N' at the upper right hand corner.This arrow shows the north direction and
therefore is called the north line.Once the north direction is confirmed,the other
direction-east,westands south can be easily found.

EX-6 LEARNING IS FUN
ACROSS
6.Yellow
7.Green
8.Contour lines
9.Map
10.Verbal
DOWN
1.Cartographer
2.Cardinal
3.Keys
4.Topography
5.Legends

Class 7 – English Language - Ch- 3. PHRASES

Exercise -A { Choose the correct option }

1) b . Phrase

2) a. Finite verb

3) c. adverb phrase

Ex - B underline the phrases and say whether they are adjective phrase adverb phrase or noun phrase.

1) [at full speed ] - adverb phrase

2) [of no relevance] - adjective phrase

3) [in very lively manners] -adverb phrase

4) [of the crime] - noun phrase

5) [under lock and key] -adverb phrase

6) [by leaps and bounds] -adverb phrase

7) [to go home] - noun phrase

8) [with the kindly nature] -adjective phrase

9) [with undaunted zeal] - adjective phrase

10) [in a swift manner ] - adverb phrase

Ex - C fill in the blanks with appropriate adjective Phrase.

1) She lost the necklace made of gold.

2) He is a man of kind nature.

3) It is the flag of India.

4) We heard the song of Indian style.

5) The car of white colour was very expensive.

6) The road with trees is very lonely.

7) Nobody likes a person with bad temper.

8) He bought a shot of red colour.

9) Birds of same feathers flock together.

10) He lifted a load of heavy books.

Ex - D rewrite the following sentence using adverb phrase

1) They are going at this moment.

2) They have not long ago sold their property.

3) Anjali completed her assignment in a quick manner .

4) The dear ran at full speed .

5) Sumit is going at that place.

6) The judge asked question in a stern manner.

7) She spoke in a kind manner.

8) She nodded in a wise manner .

9) Is she coming at this place ?

10) He does his work in a careless manner.

[ Ch - 4 clauses ]

Ex -A choose the correct option

1) Clause

2) When

3) If clause

Ex -B underline the clauses and write their kinds in the following sentence.

1(wherever you like) adverb clause

2(whose eyes were blue) adjective clause

3(that we will win a prize) noun clause

4(if you make a promise) adverb clause

5(what had happened) noun close

6(until you come) adverb clause

7(that she would probably fail in the exams) noun clause

8(where I grew up) adverb clause

9(if it broke down) if clause

10(if you drink this) if clause

11(that he met my brother in Delhi) noun clause

12(which you mention) adjective clause

Part -C. Fill in the blanks with suitable clauses

1) Adjective clause ÷

1) I know the place which you mentioned.

2) This is the book which is published by Ratna Sagar

3) He laughs best who laughs last.

4) I found the mobile which I have lost.

5) Mary had a little lamp whose eyes are blue.

2) Noun clause

1) He replied that he would come .

2) I do not know what he wants.

3) No one knows where she has gone.

4) We cannot understand why they are angry with us.

5) She expects that she will win the game.

3) Adverb clause.÷

1) You may sit wherever you like.

2) You will win if you work hard.

3) His father died because he was ill.

4)He trusted while it was hot.

5) I would have stopped if I had got the message.

Part -D. Complete the sentences using adverb clause as indicated.

1) One can concentrate better if there is calm atmosphere.

2) Please keep the house keys wherever you want.

3) The bus halted where I was standing.

4) The train arrived when I reached the station.

5) If you work hard you will be able to top this year's exam.

6) I will give you this book if you want to read.

7) Don't disturb when I am studying.

8) We eat in order to survive.

9) Reena has not seen her sister since one year.

10) If she will cheat ,she is will be dismissed.

[ Ch -5. The Noun Number ]

Ex -A choose the correct option

1) Singular

2) compound noun

Ex -B form the plurals of the following nouns.

1) Students

2) Calves

3) Brushes

4) Chiefs

5) Potatoes

6) Geese

7) Pianos

8) Oxen

Ex-C fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words given in the bracket.

1) storeys

2) sons-in-law

3) stories

4) peasants

5) engineers

Ex-D choose the correct alternative from given the choices.

1) gentry

2) people

3) species

4) feet

5) poultry

6) vermin

Ex - E find out the error part and underline it.

1) The Indian team defeated( the Australia )by an inning.

2) They left (their luggage )at the railway station.

3)( My brother in law ) who lives in Mumbai have come to stay with us.

4) (Artificles of furniture )have been stolen from the house.

5) I lived (in a three - hundred year) old house in Mumbai.

[ Ch-6. The Noun case ]

Ex - A. choose the correct option.

1) Nominative case

2) Accusative case

3)Possessive. case

Ex -B find out the errors in each sentence and rewrite them correctly.

1) The leg of this table is broken.

2) The roof of my house is leaking.

3) That shop is next to boys' hostel .

4) We should not challenge the laws of nature.

5) We have got a week's holiday .

6) This house is mine.

7) Is this your pen ?

8) Seven day's journey is a week's journey .

9) Every student is supposed to carry out their teacher's order .

Ex- C fill in the correct word from the brackets.

1) father-in-law

2) Mahesh

3) barber's

4) the leg of the table

5) St. Joseph

6) today's

7) the cover of the book

8) day's

[ Ch -15. The Preposition ]

Ex - A Multiple Choice Questions.

1) into

2) with

3) with

4) about

5) for

6) beside

7) in

Ex-B fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions.

1) with

2) on

3) by

4) into

5) of

6) in

7) with

8) in

9) on

10) on

Ex- C correct the following sentences

1) He goes to office on foot.

2) She is married to a rich man.

3) Mumbai is famous for its textiles.

4) Camles are peculiarly adapted to life in the desert.

5) His disability prevents him from driving.

6) He prefers coffee instead of tea.

7) These computers are cheap enough to be accessible for most people.

8) Beside the ungathered rice he lay.

9) He is at death's door.

10) There is still no cure for the common cold.

Ex-D complete the following sentences using prepositions from the box.

1) except.

2) in

3) of

4) instead of

5) for

Class 7 English Lit

Ch- Bravo Manju !

C) Answer these questions.

Q1) How were Manjula's hands different?

Ans) Manjula had claw like fingers that were malformed .She had just two fingers on each hand .

Q2) What presents did she get for her birthday?

Ans=Manjula received a set of artists watercolours,a book "painting step by step "and three watercolour brushes.

Q3) Why did Manjula decide to give up painting and take up cooking ?

Ans=Manjula decided to give painting as she overheard her father's saying that she could not be an artist because of her hands .He had suggested that she must take up something useful like cooking and stitching .So,she offered to help her mother.

Q4) How did her mother and brother encourage her to continue painting ?

Ans=The mother reminded Manjula of her potential and encouraged her to fight.Amol her brother placed a newspaper cutting on her table .The report was about Richard Belanger a boy with artificial feet ,who played football .Amol hoped that it would inspire Manjula to continue painting.

Q5) Who kept the newspaper cutting on Manjula's table and why ?

Ans=Amol ,Manjula's brother kept the newspaper cutting on her table hoping that the inspirational story of Richard Belanger would encourage her to continue painting.

Q6) Why did Richard Belanger's life story inspire Manjula ?

Ans=Richard Belanger had artificial feet and yet he played football against odds . His story was similar to Manjula whose hands were different . His success restored Manjula's faith in her abilities and encouraged her to fight to learn painting .

D] Think and answer

Q1) Did Manjula handicapped affect her daily life ? Give examples to support your answer.

Ans= No,Manjula's handicap did not affect her daily life .She could paint ,go to the market and helps her mother in the house like any other person.

Q2) Do you think Manjula's family was well off ? Give examples to support your answer .

Ans=Manjula's family was not well off.We get to know this because she hesitated to ask her mother for painting materials thinking that they would be very costly . Her father too was not willing to spend money on expensive watercolour sheets.

Class 7 – History – Chapter – 3

I.Tick the correct answer

1. D

2. C

3. b

4. D

5. C

II. Fill ups

1. Plunder

2. Prithviraj Chauhan

3. Alberuni,kitab-ul- hind

4.shahnama

5. Somnath Temple

III. Matching

IV. T/F

1. T

2. F

3. F

4. F

5. F

V. Q/Ans

1. Mention three most important invasions of Mahmud of ghazni.

Ans-

1. Mahmud defeated Jaipala, the Hindu ruler of Punjab in 1001 CE

2. Mahmud defeated a confederacy led by Anandapala in the year 1008-1009 CE

3. He also invaded and plundered the cities and temple towns such as Multan. Alwar, Mathura, Nagarkot, Thaneshwar and Somnath.

2. When and between whom were the battles of Tarain fought?

Ans- the first battle of Tarain was fought in CE1191 and the second battle of Tarain was fought in CE1192, these battles were fought between Muhammad Ghori and Prithviraj Chauhan.

3. How were the raids of Mahmud Ghazni different from the raids of Muhammad Ghori?

Ans- Mahmud of Ghazni:-

1.Mahmud Ghazni was interested in wealth rather than setting up an empire in the Indian subcontinent.

2.Mahmud never suffered a defeat.

Muhammad Ghori:-

1.Interested in establishing an empire in India.

2. Faced defeat by Prithviraj Chauhan.

VI. Give reasons

Ans- a. Mahmud Ghazni was interested in wealth rather than setting up an empire in the Indian subcontinent.

Ans- b. Rajput Chiefs were jealous of each other. The Rajputs had no standing army of their own, and hence had to depend on the feudal lords for contingents.

Class 7 History

I.Tick the correct answer.

1. c

2. c

3. c

4. b

5. b

II. Fill ups

1. Mecca,570

2. Allah

3. Idol

4. Caliphs

5. Harun- al- Rashid

III. Matching

IV. T/F

1. F

2. T

3. T

4. F

5. F

V. Q/Ans

1. Discuss the early life of Muhammad.

Ans- Prophet Muhammad, who propagated the religion was born in Mecca about CE 570.Until mid-life, Prophet Muhammad lived the life of a prosperous trader In CE610, Muhammad had his spiritual experience and became a prophet. He called himself the messenger of the supreme being Allah.

2. Describe the teachings of Muhammad.

Ans- 1.A Muslim should not worship an idol. 2.He must not lend money on interest. 3. He should lead a life of virtue and benevolence. 4. All Muslims, must regard themselves as brothers and equals.

3. What are the five main religious obligations of Islam?

Ans- Five Pillars of Islam

a) Shahada (Confession of Faith): "There is no God but Allah: Mohammad is His Prophet.

b) Salat (Prayer): He must offerprayers fnamaaz) five times everyday and on Fri- day afternoons in a mosque.

C Zakaat (Alms Giving) : He must give alms to the pooras an offering to Allah and a religious act.

d) Sawm or Siyam (Fasting): Muslims must keep fast from dawn to dusk during Ram- adan (Ramzan)

(e) Haj (Pilgrimage to Mecca) : Once in his ifetime, every Muslim must travel to Mecca. This pilgrimage is called Haj.

4. Discuss the spread of Islamic civilization after the passing away of prophet Muhammad.

Ans- Spread of Islamic Civilisation 1.The Prophet was succeeded by four Khalifas - Abu Bakr, Umar, Usman and Ali.

2.The rule of the last Khalifa was ended by Umayyad dynasty who ruled from Damascus.

3.The Umayyads were overthrown by Abbasids in CE 750.

5. Describe the main contribution of the umayyads and the abssids.

Ans- The Umayyads

The Umayyad dynasty ruled from 661 CE to 750-CE with their capital at Damascus. They ruled over Spain and France in Europe.

Abssids

Progress was made in areas such as, art, literature, science and trade. The most famous Abbasid ruler was Harun al-Rashid.

It is geometrical setting for finding the position of any point with the help of three values. eg-bird flying in the air with respect to our home.

Q 19. Define volume using 3D concept. Give formula for volume of a rectangular box. Explain the concept of volume with three example.

Ans. It is as the three dimensional (3D) space occupied by a substance say solid, liquid or gas. formula of volume is V=LxBxH eg- take stones of different sizes. Dip them in water one by one. See the rises in water level in each case. Different stones occupy different space and hence different volume.

Q 20. What do you mean by unit volume? Give popular units of volume in case of solids.

Ans. Unit volume is the volume of a cube having each side of unit length. Unit of volume is cubic metre when length is in metre, breadth is in metre and height is also in metre.

Q 21. How can we assess the volume of a liquid? Discuss a graduated cylinder and a graduated beaker?

Ans. Volume of liquids can be easily assessed with the help of containers. Volume of container broadly means the capacity of the container. Different types of container are used to find the volume of liquids.

This cylinder is used to measure the volume of a liquid. It is made up of plastic or glass. It has narrow base. Graduated cylinders are available from 10ml to 1000ml.

It is also known as measuring beaker. The measuring beakers may be used to measure fixed volume of liquids. In that case their capacities are marked on the beaker. These beakers may be made of material like (Aluminium or Stell) plastic or glass.

Q 22. Give the process of measurement of volume in the case of(i) a solid body and (ii) a liquid body?

Ans. (i) A solid body measurement of volume of a given stone. (diagram from book)

(4)Road the lower surface level of the liquid by maintaining the horizontal level of eye.

(5)In the given figure, the reading is 50ml which the volume of the given liquid.

(1)Place the leaf on the graph paper. (2)Mark the outline of the leaf with a sharp pencil carefully.

(4)Count the number of square covered more than half by the outline of the leaf.

(6)Leaving the ignored squares, area of the leaf is equal to total number of countable are ticked.

Ans. If we have two same sized boxes, one made of plastic , then mass of iron box will be more similarly if we take an iron ball and a plastic ball of same mass then volume of a plastic ball will be more.

Q 25. Define density? Write its formula and express density in a proper unit with proper symbol.

Ans. The density of a substance is given by mass per unit volume of that formula of density is D=M/V

If mass of a substance is in kilogram, that is kg and volume is cubic meter that is M³than unit of density is kilogram/meter³that is kg/m³or kg m^-3

Q 26. Define speed and write its formula and express proper units of speed with proper symbol?

Ans. Speed is defined as the distance covered by an object per unit time formula of speed =distance travelled/time taken

If an object covers a distance of 1meter in 1 second then unit of speed is, meter/second that is m/s or ms^-1

a. Track Ball: The track ball is similar to the mouse, but the roller ball is mounted on the top and the user spins the ball with thumb, fingers.

b. Touch Pad: A touch pad is a flat, pressure-sensitive surface that is used in notebook computers.

c. Motion Input: Motion input lets the user guide on-screen elements using air gestures. Like moving our body or a handheld input device through the air.

d. Graphic Tablet: Graphic tablet, also called Digitizer, is an input device which has a special pen to write on it.

e. Webcam: A Web camera is a real-time camera that enables a user to capture video and still images, make video telephone calls etc.

f. Digicam: A digital camera, also called digicam, is an electronic input device used to capture and store photographs electronically in the computer.

g. Barcode Reader: Barcode reader, also called a barcode scanner, is used to input data from bar codes.

h. MICR: MICR reader is an input device used to read and identify magnetized characters printed on a document such as cheque.

Ans: A computer is called a computer system, as it is not a single machine but a collection or combination of many devices which work together to perform a task.

Ans: External hardware are categorized into input devices, output devices, storage devices and communication devices.

Ans: A data projector is an output device that projects the data on a large screen so that an audience can see the image clearly.

Ans: Dot Matrix printer- It is an Impact printer that contains movable print head with pins that strike the ribbon.

Laser printer- It is a non-impact printer that uses laser technology to print on paper.

Ans: Flash drive is also known as Pen Drive. Pen Drive is portable and lightweight and has a storage capacity ranging from 512 MB to 100 GB.

Ans: All the physical and mechanical devices attached together to make a computer system are called hardware. We can see and touch the hardware. There are two kinds of hardware components: External and External hardware. The hardware components that are attached outside the computer case or system unit are called external hardware. Examples- Keyboard, Monitor, mouse etc. The hardware components that are fitted inside the system are called internal hardware. Examples- CPU, motherboard, RAM etc.

b. Define Touch screen. Write any three gestures and common used of touch screen.

Ans: A touch screen is ac screen that we can touch with our finger to input information. Our finger acts as a pointing device. Examples- Tablet PC, Smartphone etc. some gestures and their common uses are:

Ans: Smartboard - A Smartboard is an output device that displays the images on a connected computer screen, usually via a data projector.

Plotter - Plotter is a sophisticated printer used to produce high-quality drawings such as blueprints, maps etc.

Ans: An optical disc is a type of storage media that consists of a flat, round, portable disc made of metal, plastic. Its uses are:

1. Compact Disc - A compact disc is a flat, round, portable storage medium. Two basic types of compact disc designed for use with computers are CD-ROM and DVD-ROM.

2. Recordable CD (CD-R) and DVD (DVD-R)- A CD-R and DVD-R are multi-session compact discs on which we can record our own items such as text, graphics.

3. Re- writable CD (CD-RW) and DVD(DVD-RW)- A CD-RW and DVD-RW are erasable discs that allow us to write multiple times.

4. Blu-ray Disc- Blu-ray is a new DVD format, which has a higher capacity and better quality.

Ans: A communication device is any type of hardware capable of transmitting data, instructions, and information between a sending device and a receiving device.

The purpose of modem is to convert digital signals to analog signals and to convert an analog signals to digital signals.

Ans- Anything which occupies space and has mass is called matter. Eg- table, chair, pen, etc.

Ans- The molecules are held by a force of attraction, called intermolecular force.

Ans- The three states of matter are solid, liquid and gas. Eg. of solid-ice, eg. of liquid-water, eg. of gas-water vapours.

Ans- No, gases do not have a fixed volume because in a gas, the intermolecular force is so weak that the molecules are free to move to every part of container and occupies its entire volume.

Ans- The change in the state of matter from one to another is called interconversion of states.

Ans- Some solids vaporize without melting. This phenomenon is called sumblimation. Camphor and iodine are the two substances that sublime.

Ans- A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by a chemical means is called as an element. Eg- hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, etc.

Ans- A substance that can be split into simpler substances by a chemical means is called a compound. Eg- water, carbon-dioxide, etc.

Ans- Atom- An atom is the smallest part of an element that takes part in a chemical reaction.

Molecule- A molecule is the smallest part of an element or a compound that is capable of an independent existence.

10Q- What forces hold atoms in a molecule and molecules in a matter? Which of these forces is stronger?

Ans- Chemical bond holds atoms in a molecule and intermolecular force of attraction holds molecules in a matter. Chemical bond is more stronger than intermolecular force of attraction.

Ans- Ice to water- In ice, the molecules vibrate about their mean positions. On being heated, they receive energy from outside and vibrate with a greater energy than before. Gradually, they receive so much energy that they can overcome the strong cohesion of ice. As a result, the molecules become labile and the ice melts down.

Water to ice- When water is cooled, its molecules lose energy and move nearer to each other. As a result, cohesion increases and the water solidifies, i.e; freezes.

2Q- Discuss why the shape of solid is fixed whereas that of a liquid or a gas is not.

Ans- A solid has a definite shape because the molecules are so tightly held that they cannot move closer to or away from their positions, whereas the liquids and gases do not have a fixed shape because the molecules in these are not so tightly held as in solids.

Ans- A solid is non-compressible but a gas is compressible to a very great extent because the intermolecular space is very small in a solid and the largest in a gas. As the intermolecular space increases, the molecules can be pushed together more easily.

4Q- Describe an experiment to show the thermal expansion of a solid, a liquid and a gas. Explain expansion on heating and contraction on cooling.

1) Place a metal rod on two wooden blocks in such a way that its one end is fixed to a wall.

2) Attach a paper pointer to a round pencil and place the pencil below the free end of the rod.

3) Heat the rod. The rod expands and the pencil rotates and so does the pointer.

This shows that a solid expands on heating. Now if we stop heating it,it will not expand further and will contract.

1) Fix a transparent straw to a narrow mouthed bottle filled with coloured water to the brim.

2) Seal the mouth with a sealing paste and place the bottle in a bowl of hot water.

b)What did the person spoken to need to buy? Did the person buy whatever was needed ?

Ans= Manjula need to buy colours and painting brushes to learn painting. Yes, she brought what was needed.

Ans) The next day Manjula painted her first painting and showed it to her mother.

Ans=Mrs.Parelkar responded so to Mr.Parelkar because he said Manjula must learn something more useful like cooking and stitching.He thought that she would never become an artist with hands like her.

Ans= Mr. parelkar's words hurt and discouraged Manjula from painting. She returned from her room, bundled up the watercolours and the three brushes and tucked them into farthest corner of her cupboard.

Ans=Amol was confident of Manjula's talent and wanted to remind Manjula that she could win a prize in the competition. He hoped to change her mind about participating in it.

Ans) Manjula had claw like fingers that were malformed .She had just two fingers on each hand .

5.false,vomiting and diarrhoea are common symptoms of food and medicines allergies